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A torque converter is actually a fluid coupling that is utilized so as to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, that is an internal combustion engine or as electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is similar to a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanical clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter could offer the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque whenever there is a considerable difference between input and output rotational speed.
The fluid coupling model is the most popular kind of torque converter used in car transmissions. In the 1920's there were pendulum-based torque or likewise called Constantinesco converter. There are other mechanical designs used for always changeable transmissions which can multiply torque. Like for instance, the Variomatic is a version that has expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
The 2 element drive fluid coupling is incapable of multiplying torque. Torque converters have an component known as a stator. This changes the drive's characteristics during occasions of high slippage and produces an increase in torque output.
There are a at least three rotating elements inside a torque converter: the turbine, which drives the load, the impeller, that is mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator, that is between the impeller and the turbine so that it can alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Usually, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be stopped from rotating under whichever situation and this is where the word stator begins from. In reality, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This particular design prevents the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still enabling forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been alterations that have been integrated at times. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is required, alterations to the modifications have proven to be worthy. Most commonly, these adjustments have taken the form of multiple turbines and stators. Each set has been designed to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Some instances consist of the Dynaflow which utilizes a five element converter to be able to generate the wide range of torque multiplication needed to propel a heavy vehicle.
Various auto converters comprise a lock-up clutch to lessen heat and so as to improve the cruising power and transmission efficiency, even if it is not strictly part of the torque converter design. The application of the clutch locks the impeller to the turbine. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses related with fluid drive.
