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The base of the tower crane is typically bolted to a huge concrete pad which provides really necessary support. The base is attached to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane that is attached to the inside of the building's structure. Normally, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
Generally, the mast is a triangulated lattice structure measuring 10 feet square or 0.9m2. The slewing unit is connected to the very top of the mast. The slewing unit consists of a motor and a gear that allows the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kg or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. In addition, two limit switches are used in order to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 230 feet or 70 meters.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will at first need to be transported to the construction location by utilizing a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the machinery part of the jib and the crane. Afterwards, these parts are attached to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be a few of the other industrial machines that is typically used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane as the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane can match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is referred to as a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra twenty feet or 6.1m. Then, the crane operator uses the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast part piece.
Operating a Regular Counterbalance Forklift
1 Carry out a pre-shift check prior to using the equipment. Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines state that a pre-shift checklist must be done at the start of each work shift. Every different machinery and its attachments has its own checklist listing brakes, steering, lights, emergency brakes, horn, controls and safety features.
2 When starting up the equipment and check the controls, it is important to ensure that the seatbelt is fastened and the seat has been adjusted for your maximum comfort. Look beneath the equipment after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of each kind of forklift is different.
3 Don't forget differences in the basics of forklift operation compared to a standard motor vehicle. The rear end swing of the forklift occurs due to the fact that the truck steers with its rear wheels. Forgetting this information is a major cause of injuries and accidents to employees. The almost ninety-degree turn from the front wheels must be made with great care. These top-heavy machines have a high center of gravity even without a load. When moving or lifting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 Keep forks near the ground when traveling. Use caution when approaching loads. Be certain the forks line up correctly with the pallet. Lift the load only as high as is required, tilting it back to help stabilize the machinery. Drive backwards only if the load is very big that it interferes with driver vision.
5 Check the wheels on trucks/trailers before unloading and loading. Do not travel on inclines, specially when carrying a load. The equipment is prone to tip-overs on an incline. When driving on an incline is necessary, always drive up the incline and back down. The load must be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The driver should be firmly in control at all times. The primary cause of operator injuries is tip-over. The operator must never try to jump out of the truck in the event of a tip-over. The safest approach is to lean away from the direction of fall while gripping the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
